What is rectal sparing?

Rectal sparing, also known as rectum preservation or restorative proctocolectomy, is a surgical procedure performed to remove the colon and rectum while preserving the anal sphincter and rectum. It is commonly used in the treatment of certain medical conditions affecting the colon and rectum, such as ulcerative colitis, familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), and some cases of rectal cancer.

During rectal sparing surgery, the diseased colon and rectum are removed, but the anal sphincter and a small portion of the rectum are left intact. This allows for preservation of normal bowel function, including continence and the ability to have bowel movements through the anus. The remaining rectal segment is then connected to the small intestine, creating a new pathway for stool to pass through.

Rectal sparing surgery offers several advantages over traditional colectomy, which involves complete removal of the colon and rectum. These advantages include:

Preservation of normal bowel function: Patients who undergo rectal sparing surgery can maintain fecal continence and have bowel movements through the anus, unlike those who undergo traditional colectomy and require an ileostomy or colostomy bag.

Improved quality of life: By preserving the natural anatomy and function of the rectum, rectal sparing surgery can significantly improve a patient's quality of life, reducing the psychological impact of having an ostomy bag.

Reduced risk of complications: Rectal sparing surgery has a lower risk of certain complications compared to traditional colectomy, such as anastomotic leakage, infection, and stricture formation.

However, it's important to note that rectal sparing surgery may not be suitable for all patients. The decision to perform rectal sparing surgery depends on several factors, including the underlying medical condition, the extent of the disease, and the patient's overall health. A thorough evaluation by a qualified surgeon is necessary to determine the best treatment approach for each individual case.