What is vestibular apparatus?

The vestibular apparatus, also known as the vestibular system, is the sensory system that provides the sense of balance and spatial orientation in the body. It works in conjunction with the visual and proprioceptive systems to give the brain information about the position and movement of the head and body in relation to gravity and the surrounding environment.

The vestibular apparatus is located within the inner ear on both sides of the head. It consists of three semicircular canals and two otolith organs (the utricle and saccule).

* Semicircular canals: The three semicircular canals are oriented in different planes of space. They contain fluid and small hairs called cupula. When the head moves in a specific plane, the fluid shifts and bends the cupula, stimulating the sensory receptors. This information is sent to the brain, which can then determine the direction and speed of head movement.

* Otolith organs (utricle and saccule): The utricle and saccule are two small structures that contain fluid and small crystals of calcium carbonate called otoliths. When the head tilts or moves in a linear direction (acceleration or deceleration), the otoliths shift and stimulate the sensory receptors. This information is sent to the brain, which can then determine the direction and magnitude of head movement.

The vestibular apparatus is an essential part of the body's sense of balance and spatial awareness. It works together with the visual and proprioceptive systems to help us maintain our equilibrium and navigate our environment. If the vestibular apparatus is damaged, it can lead to dizziness, vertigo, and other problems with balance and coordination.