What is the ophthalamic disease cataract?
Cataract
A cataract is a clouding of the normally clear lens of the eye. Cataracts are the leading cause of vision loss in people over the age of 50 and the fifth leading cause of vision loss overall.
What causes cataracts?
The lens of the eye is made up of water and proteins. As we age, the proteins in the lens can start to clump together and cloud the lens. This clouding is what causes cataracts.
What are the symptoms of cataracts?
- Blurred vision. This is the most common symptom of cataracts. Blurred vision can make it difficult to see fine details, read, or drive.
- Cloudy or dim vision. Cataracts can also cause your vision to appear cloudy or dim.
- Glare. Cataracts can make it difficult to see in bright light.
- Double vision. In some cases, cataracts can cause you to see double.
- Fading colors. Cataracts can also cause the colors you see to appear faded or dull.
How are cataracts treated?
The only way to treat cataracts is with surgery. Cataract surgery is a very common and safe procedure. During cataract surgery, the clouded lens is removed from the eye and replaced with a clear artificial lens.
Can cataracts be prevented?
There is no known way to prevent cataracts. However, there are some things you can do to reduce your risk of developing cataracts, such as:
- Limit your exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation. UV radiation from the sun and from artificial sources, such as tanning beds, can damage the lens of the eye. Wear sunglasses that block UV rays when you are outdoors.
- Eat a healthy diet. Eating a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains can help to protect the eyes from damage.
- Quit smoking. Smoking increases your risk of developing cataracts.
- Control your blood sugar. People with diabetes are at an increased risk of developing cataracts. Keeping your blood sugar under control can help to reduce your risk.
If you have any of the symptoms of cataracts, talk to your doctor. The sooner cataracts are treated, the better your vision will be after surgery.