What are cataracts made of?

The cloudy areas in the lens that cause cataracts are primarily composed of water and protein. As part of the natural aging process, the proteins in the lens of the eye can clump together and cloud the normally clear lens, resulting in cataracts. These protein deposits can include:

Albumin: A type of protein commonly found in blood, lymph, and other body fluids.

Crystallins: A group of specialized proteins that help maintain the transparency of the lens.

Other water-soluble proteins: Various water-soluble proteins can contribute to cataract formation.

The exact composition and structure of cataracts can vary depending on the type and stage of cataract. Cataract formation involves complex biochemical changes and interactions within the lens, influenced by factors such as genetics, aging, and environmental influences like UV radiation and smoking.