What causes cataracts?

Age-related cataracts: These are the most common type of cataract and develop as a natural part of the aging process. As we age, the proteins in the lens of the eye gradually break down and clump together, causing the lens to become cloudy.

Secondary cataracts: These cataracts can develop as a result of other underlying medical conditions or trauma. Conditions that can increase the risk of secondary cataracts include diabetes, high blood pressure, obesity, smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, prolonged exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, and certain medications, such as steroids.

Congenital cataracts: These cataracts are present at birth and are relatively rare. They can be caused by genetic factors, certain infections during pregnancy, or exposure to certain medications or toxins during pregnancy.

Traumatic cataracts: These cataracts develop as a result of an injury to the eye. The trauma can cause the lens to dislocate or tear, leading to the formation of a cataract.

Additional factors that can increase the risk of developing cataracts include a family history of cataracts, exposure to cigarette smoke, and prolonged exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation.