How is surgery performed?

1. Pre-operative assessment

- Before any surgery, the patient undergoes a pre-operative assessment to determine their fitness for the procedure.

- This assessment typically involves a physical examination, blood tests, and imaging studies.

- The patient's medical history, current medications, and allergies are also reviewed.

2. Anaesthesia

- Depending on the type of surgery, the patient may receive either local anaesthesia (which numbs the area to be operated on) or general anaesthesia (which puts the patient into a state of unconsciousness).

3. Incision

- Once the patient is anaesthetised, the surgeon makes an incision in the skin to expose the area to be operated on.

4. Dissection

- The surgeon carefully dissects the tissues around the affected area to reach the target tissue or organ.

5. Repair or removal

- The surgeon then performs the necessary repair or removal of the affected tissue or organ.

- This may involve suturing (stitching) tissue, removing diseased tissue, or inserting implants or devices.

6. Closure

- Once the repair or removal is complete, the surgeon closes the incision with sutures or staples.

7. Dressing and bandage

- A dressing and bandage are applied to protect the wound.

8. Recovery

- The patient is taken to the recovery room where they are monitored closely until their vital signs are stable.

- After a period of observation, the patient is usually transferred to a hospital room for further recovery.