What is the meaning of 28mm swelling in Mantoux test?

A 28mm swelling in the Mantoux test indicates a positive reaction, meaning there is a high likelihood that the person has been infected with Tuberculosis (TB) bacteria. The Mantoux test is a skin test used to diagnose TB infection and is commonly known as the TB skin test.

Here's what a positive Mantoux test result means:

1. Exposure to TB bacteria: A positive reaction to the Mantoux test indicates that the person's immune system has been sensitized to TB bacteria. This means that the person has been exposed to TB bacteria at some point in their life, even if they don't currently have active TB disease.

2. Past or present TB infection: A positive Mantoux test can suggest either a past or present TB infection. It doesn't necessarily mean the person has active TB disease at the time of the test.

3. Further evaluation: A positive Mantoux test result requires further evaluation and medical assessment to determine if the person has active TB disease or latent TB infection (LTBI).

4. Latent TB infection (LTBI): A positive Mantoux test may indicate LTBI, which is a condition in which the person has been infected with TB bacteria but doesn't have any active symptoms. LTBI is usually treated with antibiotics to prevent it from developing into active TB disease.

5. Active TB disease: A positive Mantoux test can also suggest active TB disease, which means the person has symptoms and is currently sick with TB. Additional tests and examinations are necessary to confirm active TB disease and determine the appropriate treatment.

It's important to note that the interpretation of the Mantoux test results may vary based on specific guidelines and criteria used by healthcare professionals in different regions and countries. If you have taken the Mantoux test and received a positive result, it's essential to follow up with a healthcare professional for proper evaluation and management.