What is cystourethrography?

Cystourethrography is a radiological imaging technique used to assess anatomical abnormalities, defects and conditions of the bladder (cysto). and the urethra (urethro) - the tube that transports urine from the bladder out of the body.

It involves the injection of a contrast agent into the urethra and capturing X-ray images as the contrast agent fills the bladder and flows back out. This enables visualization and analysis of the shape, size, function, and any irregularities or structural issues in both the bladder and the urethra.

Cystourethrography can be particularly valuable in evaluating conditions like:

- Urinary tract infections (UTIs)

- Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) - a condition where urine flows back from the bladder into the kidneys

- Bladder outlet obstructions

- Urethritis - inflammation or infection of the urethra

- Urethral strictures - narrowings of the urethra

- Congenital anomalies of the urinary tract

- Tumors or masses within the bladder or urethra

- Fistula - abnormal connections between the urethra and nearby organs

Cystourethrography generally involves the following steps:

1. Initial X-rays of the urinary tract are taken.

2. A contrast agent is injected into the urethra.

3. A series of X-ray images are taken as the contrast agent flows through the bladder and back out.

4. Additional images may be taken after the person urinates to assess urethral function and any potential obstructions.

This medical imaging procedure enables the visualization of the entire urinary tract, and the information obtained helps healthcare professionals make informed diagnoses and plan appropriate treatments for various urological conditions.