What is the surgical procedure to create an opening between organ and body surface?

The surgical procedure to create an opening between an organ and the body surface is called a stoma.

Stomas are most often created in the digestive system, urinary system, or respiratory system.

1. Digestive System:

- Esophagostomy: Creates a stoma between the esophagus and the skin surface. It allows the insertion of a feeding tube or direct access to the esophagus for procedures.

- Gastrostomy: Creates a stoma between the stomach and the skin surface. It is commonly used for feeding purposes when oral intake is not possible or inadequate.

- Jejunostomy: Creates a stoma between the jejunum (part of the small intestine) and the skin surface. It is used to deliver nutrition directly into the small intestine.

- Colostomy: Creates a stoma between the colon and the skin surface. It allows for the diversion of stool when part of the colon is diseased, obstructed, or removed.

2. Urinary System:

- Nephrostomy: Creates a stoma between the kidney and the skin surface. It is usually performed to drain urine from the kidney when there is an obstruction in the urinary tract.

- Ureterostomy: Creates a stoma between the ureter (tube that carries urine from the kidney to the bladder) and the skin surface. It is used when the bladder cannot store or empty urine properly.

3. Respiratory System:

- Tracheostomy: Creates a stoma between the trachea (windpipe) and the skin surface. It is commonly used to establish a direct airway when there is an obstruction in the upper respiratory tract.