Complications of Botox Injections

While Botox is commonly known for its ability to diminish frown lines, smile lines and crow's feet, it can relieve a number of physical ailments as well. The benefits are many, but there are risks involved. Careful consideration should be given to the possible complications associated with Botox use.

History

• Botox is made from botulinum toxin, a neurotoxin protein produced by the highly poisonous bacterium Clostridium botulinum. Although it is the most toxic protein, it is diluted to extremely minute amounts for treatment purposes. In 1949, it was discovered that the toxin blocked nerve impulses to muscles. In 1989, it was released for therapeutic use. The Food and Drug Administration approved the product in 2002 for aesthetic purposes as well. Botox, a commercial name for the toxin, became increasingly popular for its ability to dramatically reduce wrinkles when injected into the skin.

Uses

• Originally, Botox was used to treat eye muscle disorders such as spasms. Through the years, scientists and doctors have discovered more ways in which the toxin can be medically and cosmetically beneficial. It has been used successfully to help children with cerebral palsy by relaxing stiff muscles and decreasing pain, allowing for better limb movement. Similarly, Botox is often used to treat dystonia, or rigid muscles, and multiple sclerosis. Injections may be given to help control an overactive bladder, jaw clenching, excessive sweating, stuttering, and migraines. Botox can be injected to puff up lips, turn the corners of the mouth upward, lift eyebrows, lift eyelids, and sculpt the face.

Side Effects

• Botox injections can cause some minor side effects that are not necessarily dangerous. Temporary bruising is the most commonly reported problem. Headaches may occur as well, but typically subside within 48 hours after treatment. Other side effects include dizziness, dry mouth, nausea, numbness, weakness, drowsiness, skin rash, and flu-like symptoms.

Complications

• Serious problems can arise as a result of Botox injections. Facial droop, drooping eyelid and drooping brow can last for up to three weeks and occurs when the toxin migrates to an area near the treatment site. Should the toxin spread to the esophagus, it can cause partial paralysis that makes talking, swallowing and even breathing difficult. Blurry vision, double vision, and glaucoma also are possible. Life-threatening complications, although extremely rare, can occur as well. As of 2008, there were 16 deaths and 87 hospitalizations attributed to Botox use. A study in the Journal of Neuroscience found toxins present in the brains of rats within 72 hours of having facial injections. The toxin moved from one side of the brain to the other, breaking down proteins, and remained in the brain for up to six months. Although there is no evidence to support this occurrance in humans, the finding is a cause of great concern to the medical community.

Precautions

• Generally, most complications that arise from Botox can be attributed to improper dosage or technique. Another concern is the number of counterfeit products available from fraudulent sources. The typical cost for Botox treatment is $300 to $500. If a price seems too good to be true, reconsider. Avoid receiving treatment at spas, salons, offices, home parties, or any non-medical place. Look for a well-trained and qualified doctor. If you are pregnant or breastfeeding, you should not use Botox.