Vital Signs & Periodontal Surgery

Gingivitis and periodontitis are gum diseases that, if left untreated, can cause tooth loss over time. When bacterial plaque multiplies between the (gingiva) gum and tooth, the tissue becomes inflamed. When the diseases progress without intervention, periodontal surgery may be required. During surgery, the infected gingiva is cut away, and the patient's vital signs are monitored continually.

Dangers of Periodontitis

• In a chronic inflammatory response state, periodontitis (inflammation of the gums) will turn the body against itself. Bone and soft tissue break down and fail to support the teeth. Pockets of bacterial plaque build up as the cells eat away bone and tissue. If allowed to persist, each infected tooth will need to be removed.

Four Forms of Periodontitis

• Periodontitis can be chronic, aggressive, necrotizing, or systemic. Most people have chronic periodontitis from poor brushing habits. This can occur at any age and is slow. Some people may get an aggressive form of periodontitis that leads to a faster loss of bone and tissue. A more dangerous form of periodontitis is necrosis of the alveolar bone, gingiva and periodontal ligament. A systemic disease may be caused from a heart condition, HIV, diabetes or respiratory disease that may destroy healthy gum tissue.

Vital Signs During Surgery

• Patients are monitored for respiration, heart rate and oxygen saturation during periodontal surgery. Oral surgeons maintain either a conscious sedation or may choose a general anesthesia in the operating room if the disease process is significant. Stress and comfort are a major concern during periodontal surgery.