What is involved during a corrective jaw surgery?
Corrective jaw surgery, also known as orthognathic surgery, is a surgical procedure that aims to correct misalignment or deformities of the jaws and face. It is typically performed to improve facial aesthetics, dental function, and overall oral health. Here's a general overview of what is involved during a corrective jaw surgery:
1. Pre-Surgical Evaluation:
Before the surgery, a thorough evaluation is conducted by a team of healthcare professionals, including an oral and maxillofacial surgeon, orthodontist, and other specialists. This evaluation involves:
- Detailed examination of the patient's jaw and facial structures.
- Assessment of dental occlusion (bite) and jaw alignment.
- Imaging studies, such as X-rays, CT scans, or 3D scans, to obtain precise measurements and determine the best surgical approach.
2. Orthodontic Treatment:
In most cases, orthodontic treatment is required before and after corrective jaw surgery. This involves the use of braces or other appliances to gradually align the teeth and prepare the jaws for surgery. The duration of orthodontic treatment can vary from several months to a year or more.
3. Surgical Procedure:
Corrective jaw surgery is usually performed under general anesthesia, ensuring the patient is comfortable and pain-free during the procedure. The type of surgery depends on the specific jaw deformity being corrected. Some common surgical techniques include:
- Bilateral sagittal split osteotomy (BSSO): This involves dividing the lower jaw (mandible) into two segments and repositioning them to correct alignment issues.
- Le Fort I osteotomy: This procedure focuses on the upper jaw (maxilla), allowing it to be moved forward, backward, or vertically to correct its position.
- Genioplasty: This surgery is performed on the chin (genial tubercle) to enhance facial balance and improve the overall profile.
4. Post-Surgical Recovery:
Following the surgery, patients typically stay in the hospital for a few days to monitor their recovery. They may experience some pain, swelling, bruising, and discomfort. A soft diet is recommended during the initial healing phase, and pain management medication is provided.
5. Recovery and Rehabilitation:
After discharge from the hospital, patients will need to follow post-operative instructions and attend regular follow-up appointments. Rehabilitation may include jaw exercises, physical therapy, and continued orthodontic treatment to ensure proper jaw function and alignment.
6. Final Outcome:
The final results of corrective jaw surgery become evident as the swelling subsides and the healing process progresses. Patients can experience significant improvements in jaw function, aesthetics, and overall facial harmony. The long-term success of the surgery depends on factors such as adherence to post-operative instructions, oral hygiene, and maintaining proper dental alignment.