What does it mean when the MRI comes back with mild disc bulge and compression of C4-c5 thecal sak super impose herniation?

A mild disc bulge with compression of the C4-C5 thecal sac superimposed herniation is a common finding in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of the cervical spine. It refers to a slight protrusion of the soft, inner portion of an intervertebral disc, known as the nucleus pulposus, into the spinal canal. This may put pressure on the thecal sac, which is a protective membrane surrounding the spinal cord and its nerve roots.

Here's what this diagnosis means:

1. Disc Bulge: A disc bulge occurs when the nucleus pulposus pushes outward through a weakened area of the surrounding disc. It is a common age-related change that can occur in any spinal disc, but it's more prevalent in the cervical (neck) region.

2. Compression: The term "compression" in this context means that the disc bulge is pressing on the thecal sac. The thecal sac contains the spinal cord and its nerve roots, so compression may lead to symptoms like pain, numbness, and tingling in the neck, arms, or hands.

3. C4-C5: The cervical spine is divided into seven vertebrae, labeled C1 to C7. C4 and C5 refer to the fourth and fifth cervical vertebrae. So, the disc bulge and compression are occurring at the level between the C4 and C5 vertebrae.

4. Thecal Sac Superimposed Herniation: This indicates that the disc bulge is not only compressing the thecal sac but also causing a slight protrusion or bulging into the space occupied by the thecal sac. This may further increase the pressure on the spinal cord and nerve roots.

It's important to note that a mild disc bulge with compression and herniation doesn't always cause symptoms or require immediate treatment. However, if you experience persistent pain, numbness, weakness, or other neurological symptoms in the neck or upper extremities, it's essential to consult a healthcare professional for further evaluation and management. Treatment options may include conservative measures like physical therapy, pain medication, and lifestyle modifications, or, in severe cases, surgical intervention.