What problems does a herniated disc cause?

A herniated disc, also known as a slipped disc or ruptured disc, occurs when the soft, jelly-like center of a spinal disc pushes out through a tear in the surrounding fibrous outer layer. This can put pressure on nearby nerves and cause a variety of symptoms, including:

* Pain: Herniated discs can cause pain in the back, neck, arms, or legs. The pain may be sharp and stabbing, or it may be a dull ache. It can be constant or intermittent, and it may worsen with certain movements or activities.

* Numbness or tingling: Herniated discs can also cause numbness or tingling in the arms, legs, hands, or feet. This is because the pressure from the herniated disc can damage the nerves that supply sensation to these areas.

* Muscle weakness: Herniated discs can also cause muscle weakness in the arms or legs. This is because the pressure from the herniated disc can damage the nerves that control muscle movement.

* Reflex changes: Herniated discs can also cause changes in reflexes. For example, a person with a herniated disc in the lower back may have a decreased knee-jerk reflex.

* Difficulty walking or standing: In severe cases, herniated discs can cause difficulty walking or standing. This is because the pressure from the herniated disc can damage the nerves that control movement in the legs.

Herniated discs can also lead to other problems, such as:

* Sciatica: Sciatica is a condition that occurs when the sciatic nerve is irritated or compressed. The sciatic nerve is the longest nerve in the body, and it runs from the lower back down the back of each leg. Sciatica can cause pain, numbness, and tingling in the lower back, buttocks, and legs.

* Cauda equina syndrome: Cauda equina syndrome is a rare but serious condition that occurs when the bundle of nerves at the end of the spinal cord is compressed. Cauda equina syndrome can cause paralysis, incontinence, and sexual dysfunction.

If you are experiencing any of the symptoms of a herniated disc, it is important to see a doctor right away. Treatment for a herniated disc may include medication, physical therapy, and surgery.