What is a partial hysterectomy?

A partial hysterectomy, also known as a subtotal or supracervical hysterectomy, is a surgical procedure in which the upper part of the uterus, where the fallopian tubes and ovaries connect, is removed, while the cervix is left in place.

During a partial hysterectomy, the surgeon removes the body of the uterus, including the fundus (the top of the uterus) and the fallopian tubes. The cervix, which is the lower, narrow end of the uterus that connects to the vagina, is left intact. The ovaries, which are the female reproductive organs responsible for producing eggs and hormones, are usually preserved unless there is a specific medical reason to remove them.

A partial hysterectomy can be performed for various reasons, including:

1. Abnormal Uterine Bleeding: Heavy or abnormal menstrual bleeding that does not respond to other treatments or medications.

2. Uterine Fibroids: Non-cancerous growths that develop in the muscular wall of the uterus. If fibroids are causing significant symptoms, such as heavy bleeding, pain, or pressure on nearby organs, a partial hysterectomy may be recommended.

3. Endometriosis: A condition where tissue similar to the uterine lining grows outside the uterus. Depending on the severity and location of endometriosis, a partial hysterectomy may be considered as a treatment option.

4. Pelvic Organ Prolapse: A condition where the pelvic organs, such as the uterus, bladder, and rectum, descend into the vagina due to weakened supporting tissues. In some cases, a partial hysterectomy may be done along with other procedures to correct the prolapse.

5. Adenomyosis: A condition where the endometrial tissue extends into the uterine muscle, causing pain and abnormal bleeding. If Adenomyosis is localized and limited to the upper part of the uterus, a partial hysterectomy can be performed to remove the affected tissue.

It's important to note that a partial hysterectomy does not involve the removal of the ovaries, so it preserves a woman's ability to produce hormones and experience menstrual cycles. However, since the uterus is partially removed, it is no longer possible to carry a pregnancy after a partial hysterectomy.

As with any surgery, a partial hysterectomy has potential risks and benefits that should be discussed thoroughly with a qualified medical professional before making a decision.