What is a Hysterosalpingogram?

A hysterosalpingogram (HSG) is a medical imaging procedure used to evaluate the shape and patency of the uterus and fallopian tubes. It is a contrast x-ray examination that provides valuable information about the internal structures of the female reproductive system.

During an HSG procedure, a contrast agent is instilled into the uterine cavity via the cervix. This contrast agent fills the uterine cavity and fallopian tubes, allowing them to be visualised under x-ray imaging. The images obtained provide detailed information about the internal contour of the uterus, any abnormalities within its cavity, and the patency of the fallopian tubes.

HSG plays a crucial role in diagnosing several conditions related to female infertility, such as:

1. Uterine abnormalities: HSG can identify abnormalities in the shape and structure of the uterus, including congenital anomalies, polyps, fibroids, or adhesions.

2. Tubal patency: It helps evaluate the patency (openness) of the fallopian tubes. Blocked or obstructed fallopian tubes can prevent the egg from meeting the sperm, leading to infertility.

3. Tubal abnormalities: HSG can detect abnormalities in the fallopian tubes, such as adhesions, strictures (narrowed sections), or hydrosalpinx (fluid-filled fallopian tubes).

4. Cervical abnormalities: In some cases, HSG can also provide information about cervical abnormalities, such as stenosis (narrowing) or other structural issues.

The procedure is typically performed as an outpatient procedure and may involve some discomfort or cramping during the injection of the contrast agent. It is important to consult with a healthcare professional and receive thorough instructions about the procedure and any potential risks or complications involved.