What is colostomy?

Colostomy is a surgical procedure that creates an opening in the colon, called a stoma, and connects it to the abdominal wall, bypassing the rectum and anus. This is done to redirect the flow of waste products from the colon when the normal passage is obstructed or dysfunctional.

During the procedure, a section of the colon is brought out through an incision in the abdomen and a small opening is created in the colon. This opening is connected to the abdominal wall using sutures or a surgical flange, creating the colostomy stoma.

The waste products from the colon, including feces and gases, are then diverted through the stoma and collected in a colostomy bag. This bag is attached to the stoma and needs to be emptied and changed regularly.

Colostomy is performed for various reasons, including:

- Bowel obstructions or blockages

- Rectal or anal cancer

- Inflammatory bowel diseases (such as Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis)

- Severe injury or trauma to the colon

- Birth defects affecting the colon and rectum

- Diverticular disease with complications

- In cases of severe rectal prolapse or incontinence

Colostomy can be either temporary or permanent, depending on the underlying medical condition. Temporary colostomies are usually performed to allow the colon to rest and recover after surgery or during the treatment of an illness, and they can be reversed once the condition improves. Permanent colostomies are done when a section of the colon or rectum needs to be removed or bypassed permanently.

Managing a colostomy requires proper care and regular monitoring. It involves emptying and changing the colostomy bag, keeping the stoma clean, and following a healthy diet to maintain good bowel health. A healthcare professional may provide proper guidance, training, and support to ensure effective care and management of a colostomy.