How is a mastectomy performed?

A mastectomy is a surgical procedure to remove all or part of the breast. The type of mastectomy performed depends on the individual's specific situation and the extent of the breast cancer. Here is a general overview of how a mastectomy is performed:

1. Preoperative Preparations:

- The patient undergoes a thorough evaluation to assess their overall health and fitness for the surgery.

- The surgical team reviews the patient's medical history, current medications, and allergies.

- The patient is provided with detailed information about the procedure and the expected outcomes.

- The surgical site is shaved to minimize the risk of infection.

- An intravenous (IV) line is inserted to administer fluids and medications during the procedure.

2. Anesthesia:

- General anesthesia is typically used for mastectomy, which means the patient is completely unconscious and pain-free during the surgery.

3. Incision:

- The surgeon makes an incision on the breast to access the breast tissue. The location and length of the incision depend on the type of mastectomy being performed.

4. Removal of Breast Tissue:

- In a total mastectomy, the entire breast, including the nipple and areola, is removed.

- In a lumpectomy or partial mastectomy, only the affected portion of the breast containing the cancerous tissue is removed.

- During a mastectomy, the surgeon may also remove some of the surrounding lymph nodes to check for cancer spread.

5. Reconstruction (Optional):

- Some patients may choose to undergo breast reconstruction at the same time as the mastectomy or at a later date. This can involve using implants, tissue from other parts of the body, or a combination of techniques.

6. Wound Closure:

- Once the breast tissue and (if necessary) the lymph nodes have been removed, the surgeon closes the incision using sutures or surgical adhesive.

- A temporary drain may be placed to help remove any accumulated fluids.

7. Post-Operative Care:

- After the mastectomy, the patient is monitored closely in a recovery room to ensure their well-being.

- Pain management is provided to control discomfort.

- Instructions are given regarding wound care, activity restrictions, and follow-up appointments.

It's important for patients undergoing a mastectomy to have open discussions with their healthcare team to understand the procedure, potential risks, and available options. Each case is unique, and the specific surgical techniques may vary based on the individual's circumstances and preferences.