Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection (SCAD)?

Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) is a relatively rare condition in which there is a spontaneous tear in one or more of the coronary arteries, the blood vessels that supply oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle. SCAD can cause chest pain, shortness of breath, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and in some cases, heart attack.

The exact cause of SCAD is not fully understood, but it is thought to be caused by a combination of factors, including:

- Weak or damaged coronary artery walls

- Abnormal blood flow in the coronary arteries

- Inflammation in the blood vessels

- Hormonal changes, such as those that occur during pregnancy or menopause

- Certain medical conditions, such as connective tissue disorders, fibromuscular dysplasia, and autoimmune diseases including SLE.

- Certain inherited syndromes including, Marfan syndrome, Loeys-Dietz syndrome.

SCAD is more common in women than in men, and it usually occurs in people between the ages of 30 and 50. It is relatively rare, but it can be a serious condition if not treated promptly.

If you are experiencing chest pain, shortness of breath, or other symptoms of SCAD, it is important to see a doctor immediately. SCAD can be diagnosed with a variety of tests, including:

- Electrocardiogram (ECG)

- Echocardiogram

- Coronary angiography (including CT)

- Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS)

- Optical coherence tomorgraphy (OCT)

Treatment for SCAD typically includes medication, such as pain relievers, anticoagulants (blood thinners), and nitrates, as well as lifestyle changes, such as eating a healthy diet, exercising regularly, and quitting smoking. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to repair the damaged artery.

With prompt diagnosis and treatment, most people with SCAD make a full recovery.