How the stent surgery is preformed?

Stent surgery, also known as percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA), is a procedure used to open up narrowed or blocked coronary arteries (the arteries that supply blood to the heart). It is a minimally invasive procedure, meaning that it does not require open-heart surgery.

Here's a general overview of how stent surgery is performed:

1. Pre-procedure Evaluation:

- Before the procedure, the patient undergoes various tests to assess their overall health and the condition of their heart and arteries.

2. Preparation for Surgery:

- The patient is typically given medication to help prevent blood clots and reduce anxiety.

- An intravenous (IV) line is inserted into a vein, usually in the arm, for administering medication and fluids.

- The groin or wrist area (where the catheter will be inserted) is shaved and cleaned to reduce the risk of infection.

3. Administration of Local Anesthesia:

- The surgeon administers local anesthesia to numb the insertion site (groin or wrist).

4. Catheter Insertion:

- A thin flexible tube called a catheter is inserted into an artery in the groin (transfemoral approach) or the wrist (transradial approach).

- The catheter is carefully navigated through the blood vessels until it reaches the blocked or narrowed coronary artery.

5. Coronary Angiography:

- A contrast dye is injected through the catheter into the coronary arteries to enhance their visibility in X-ray images.

- This helps the surgeon visualize the exact location and extent of the blockage.

6. Balloon Angioplasty:

- A balloon attached to the catheter is inflated at the site of the blockage.

- The balloon widens the narrowed artery and helps restore blood flow.

7. Stent Placement:

- A small, mesh-like device called a stent is then deployed at the site of the balloon inflation.

- The stent expands and supports the artery, keeping it open and preventing it from narrowing again.

8. Removal of Catheter:

- Once the stent is in place, the balloon and catheter are removed from the artery.

9. Closure of Access Point:

- If the procedure was performed through the femoral artery, the access point is closed using a closure device or manual pressure to stop the bleeding.

- If the procedure was done through the radial artery, it may not require any stitching as it heals naturally.

10. Recovery Period:

- After the procedure, the patient is monitored closely for any complications.

- Depending on their condition, the patient may stay in the hospital for observation for a few hours or overnight.

- Follow-up appointments will be scheduled to monitor the patient's progress and healing.

Stent surgery is a relatively quick and effective procedure that helps improve blood flow to the heart. It can provide relief from symptoms of coronary artery disease, such as chest pain (angina) and shortness of breath.