Why is the umbilical cord necessary?

The umbilical cord is essential for providing nourishment and oxygen to the developing fetus during pregnancy. It connects the fetus to the placenta, which is an organ that forms in the uterus during pregnancy.

Here are the significant functions of the umbilical cord:

Nutrient Delivery: The umbilical cord contains blood vessels that transport oxygen and essential nutrients from the placenta to the fetus. Nutrients like glucose, amino acids, vitamins, and minerals required for fetal growth and development are supplied through the umbilical cord.

Oxygen Transport: Oxygenated maternal blood from the placenta reaches the fetus via the umbilical cord. The fetus utilizes this oxygen for cellular respiration and various metabolic processes necessary for growth and survival.

Removal of Waste Products: Deoxygenated blood carrying waste products like carbon dioxide and metabolic waste from the fetus travels back to the placenta through the umbilical cord. The placenta eliminates these waste products from the fetal bloodstream.

Hormone Transport: The umbilical cord facilitates the exchange of hormones between the mother and the fetus. These hormones play important roles in maintaining pregnancy, promoting fetal development, and preparing for childbirth.

Protection: The umbilical cord is surrounded by a gel-like substance called Wharton's jelly, which provides cushioning and protection to the delicate blood vessels within the cord.

Overall, the umbilical cord serves as a crucial lifeline, establishing a vital connection between the developing fetus and the maternal circulatory system, ensuring the delivery of essential nutrients, oxygen, and removal of waste products. Without the umbilical cord, fetal development would not be possible.