How does the four chambers of heart work?

The four chambers of the heart work together in a coordinated fashion to pump blood throughout the body. Here's a simplified explanation of how each chamber functions:

1. Right Atrium:

- Receives deoxygenated blood from the body through two large veins called the superior vena cava (from the upper body) and the inferior vena cava (from the lower body).

2. Right Ventricle:

- Pumps the deoxygenated blood received from the right atrium into the lungs.

- Does this by contracting and pushing the blood through a valve called the pulmonary valve.

- The pulmonary artery carries the deoxygenated blood to the lungs.

3. Left Atrium:

- Receives oxygenated blood from the lungs via four pulmonary veins.

4. Left Ventricle:

- Pumps the oxygenated blood received from the left atrium into the body.

- Contracts and pushes the blood through the aortic valve, which leads to the aorta, the largest artery in the body.

- The aorta distributes oxygenated blood to all organs, tissues, and cells of the body.

During each cardiac cycle, the atria (left and right) contract simultaneously to fill the ventricles, followed by the ventricular contraction (also simultaneous) to pump blood to the lungs (from right ventricle) and to the body (from the left ventricle). This alternate contraction and relaxation of the heart chambers keeps the circulatory system functioning continuously.

Valves within the heart ensure that blood flows in the correct direction and prevent backflow. They open and close passively in response to pressure differences generated during the contraction and relaxation of the heart chambers.