How are the chambers of heart separated?

The chambers of the heart are separated by muscular walls called septa. These septa divide the heart into four chambers: two atria (upper chambers) and two ventricles (lower chambers).

- The atrial septum separates the left and right atria. It is located in the center of the heart and consists of a muscular wall with an opening called the foramen ovale. The foramen ovale allows blood to pass between the atria during fetal development. After birth, the foramen ovale closes, leaving only a small depression in the atrial septum.

- The ventricular septum separates the left and right ventricles. It is located below the atrial septum and is composed of a muscular wall. The ventricular septum prevents oxygenated blood from the left ventricle from mixing with deoxygenated blood in the right ventricle.

The septa of the heart are essential for maintaining the proper circulation of blood. They ensure that oxygenated and deoxygenated blood remain separate, allowing oxygen-rich blood to be pumped to the body and oxygen-poor blood to be returned to the lungs.