What is the purpose of endovascular stent surgery?

Endovascular stent surgery is a minimally invasive procedure used to treat various conditions affecting blood vessels, such as blocked or narrowed arteries or weakened vascular walls. This technique involves inserting a stent, which is a small, mesh-like tube, into the affected blood vessel to restore blood flow or provide structural support. Here are some primary purposes of endovascular stent surgery:

1. Coronary Artery Disease: In coronary artery disease, plaque buildup can narrow or block the coronary arteries, reducing blood supply to the heart. Endovascular stent surgery, also known as coronary stent placement or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), can be performed to clear the blockage. A stent is inserted into the narrowed or blocked artery to expand it and improve blood flow to the heart.

2. Peripheral Artery Disease: Peripheral artery disease affects arteries in the limbs, resulting in reduced blood flow to the legs or arms. Endovascular stent surgery can be used to treat blockages or narrowing in peripheral arteries. By inserting a stent, blood flow to the affected limb can be restored, relieving symptoms such as pain, numbness, and poor wound healing.

3. Carotid Artery Disease: Carotid artery disease occurs when the carotid arteries, which supply blood to the brain, become narrowed or blocked due to plaque buildup. Endovascular stent surgery can be performed to place a stent in the carotid artery, widening it and increasing blood flow to the brain, reducing the risk of stroke.

4. Aortic Aneurysms: Aortic aneurysms are areas of weakness and bulging in the aorta, the largest artery in the body. Endovascular stent surgery, known as endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR), can be used to treat aortic aneurysms by placing a stent graft inside the aorta to reinforce the weakened area and prevent rupture.

5. Arteriovenous Malformations (AVMs): AVMs are abnormal connections between arteries and veins, leading to abnormal blood flow. Endovascular stent surgery can be performed to redirect blood flow away from AVMs and restore normal circulation.

In general, endovascular stent surgery offers a less invasive alternative to traditional open surgical procedures. It involves smaller incisions, minimal tissue damage, and often requires shorter recovery times compared to open surgery. However, the specific purpose and treatment strategy for endovascular stent surgery depend on the underlying condition and individual patient's circumstances.