What is endovascular thoracic stent-grafting surgery?

Endovascular thoracic stent-grafting surgery is a minimally invasive procedure used to treat a variety of conditions affecting the thoracic aorta, the largest artery in the chest. It involves the insertion of a stent-graft, a metal mesh tube covered in fabric, into the aorta to reinforce it and prevent rupture or leaking.

The procedure is performed through a small incision in the groin and typically involves the following steps:

1. Preparation: The patient is given general anesthesia, and the surgical team prepares the access site in the groin.

2. Delivery of the Stent-graft: A catheter is inserted through the incision and guided into the affected area of the aorta. The stent-graft is then delivered through the catheter and positioned at the desired location.

3. Deployment: Once in place, the stent-graft is expanded using a balloon or self-expanding mechanism. This expansion creates a seal against the aorta, reinforcing the weakened or damaged area and preventing blood from leaking.

4. Retrieval of Delivery System: The delivery catheter is carefully removed, leaving the stent-graft in place.

5. Closure: The incision in the groin is closed, typically using sutures or a closure device.

Endovascular thoracic stent-grafting surgery offers several advantages over traditional open surgery, including reduced trauma, less pain, shorter hospital stays, and a faster recovery time. It is also associated with lower complication rates and is often the preferred treatment option for patients with complex aortic conditions, such as aneurysms, dissections, or traumatic injuries.