What are some of the tests that a patient will have before surgery for congenital heart defects?

Electrocardiogram (ECG)

* Measures electrical activity of the heart

* Detects abnormal heart rhythms, such as arrhythmias

Echocardiogram

* Uses ultrasound waves to create images of the heart

* Shows detailed views of the heart chambers, valves, and blood vessels

* Can identify structural defects and assess heart function

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

* Uses magnets and radio waves to create detailed images of the heart

* Can identify structural defects and assess heart function

* Does not involve radiation exposure, so it is often used in children

Cardiac catheterization

* A thin tube (catheter) is inserted into a vein or artery in the groin or arm and guided to the heart

* Different tests can be performed, such as:

* Measuring oxygen levels in different chambers of the heart

* Injected dye to view blood flow

* Angiogram: X-rays taken during dye injection to see blood vessels

Chest X-ray

* Uses radiation to create images of the chest

* Can show the size and position of the heart, as well as any abnormalities in the lungs

Blood tests

* Can check for infection, anemia, and other medical conditions that could affect surgery

Pulmonary function tests (PFTs)

* Measure how well the lungs work

* Can help identify any problems that could make surgery more risky