What do the abbreviations mean on an ultrasound scan?

Here are some common abbreviations and acronyms used on ultrasound scans:

2D: Two-dimensional ultrasound images

3D: Three-dimensional ultrasound images

4D: Four-dimensional ultrasound images that also capture movement over time

AFI: Amniotic fluid index

AC: Abdominal circumference

APGAR: Apgar score, which assesses the newborn's health at 1 and 5 minutes after birth

BPD: Biparietal diameter of the fetal head

CRL: Crown-rump length of the fetus

EDD: Estimated due date

EFW: Estimated fetal weight

FH: Femur length

FL: Foot length

FT: Fundal height

GA: Gestational age

HAD: Head circumference

HL: Humerus length

HR: Heart rate

IUP: Intrauterine pregnancy

IVF: In vitro fertilization

LMP: Last menstrual period

NT: Nuchal translucency

OFD: Occipitofrontal diameter of the fetal head

PD: Pubic bone diameter

SD: Standard deviation

TBW: Total body water

TVS: Transvaginal ultrasound

UA: Uterine artery

UD: Umbilical artery

USG: Ultrasound scan