What are the branches of surgery?

The different branches or subspecialties of surgery are:

1. General Surgery: This is the broadest specialty of surgery and deals with a wide range of surgical procedures. General surgeons can perform surgeries in the abdomen, chest, and neck.

2. Cardiothoracic Surgery: This branch of surgery specializes in surgical procedures related to the heart, lungs, and other structures in the chest and upper mediastinum.

3. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery: This specialty focuses on the restoration or alteration of the form and function of body tissues. It includes both reconstructive surgery, such as repairing facial injuries or burns, and aesthetic surgery, which aims to improve appearance.

4. Neurosurgery: This branch of surgery focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves. Neurosurgeons perform a variety of procedures ranging from removing tumors to repairing injuries to the nervous system.

5. Orthopedics and Sports Medicine: This field deals with the surgical treatment of injuries and disorders of the musculoskeletal system, including bones, joints, ligaments, tendons, and muscles.

6. Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery: This specialty covers surgical procedures related to the ear, nose, throat, and surrounding structures in the head and neck region.

7. Urology: This branch focuses on the surgical treatment of conditions affecting the urinary tract in males and females, including the kidneys, bladder, prostate gland, and reproductive organs.

8. Gastrointestinal Surgery: This field specializes in surgical procedures involving the gastrointestinal tract, including the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine.

9. Pediatric Surgery: This branch focuses on surgical care for infants and children, including congenital anomalies and other surgical conditions that occur during childhood.

10. Vascular Surgery: This specialty involves surgical treatment of conditions related to arteries, veins, and lymphatic vessels, including aneurysm repair, peripheral vascular bypass surgery, and vein treatments.

11. Trauma and Emergency Surgery: This branch deals with surgical emergencies, such as treating victims of accidents or trauma. Surgeons specialized in this field are trained to handle complex injuries and provide immediate surgical care.

12. Oncologic Surgery: This specialty focuses on the surgical management of cancer. Oncologic surgeons perform operations to remove tumors and surrounding tissues affected by cancer.

These are just a few examples of the various branches of surgery. Each subspecialty has its own specific area of focus and requires extensive training and expertise.