Why is your hand and lower arm swollen days after surgery?

Swelling after surgery, also known as postoperative edema, is a common and temporary condition that affects the hand and lower arm. Several factors contribute to this swelling:

1. Tissue Damage:

During surgery, the tissues in the hand and lower arm undergo trauma and manipulation. This trauma can cause damage to small blood vessels, leading to leakage of fluids into the surrounding tissues.

2. Inflammation:

The body's natural response to injury is inflammation, which involves increased blood flow and the release of inflammatory mediators. This inflammatory process can cause the tissues to become swollen and edematous.

3. Fluid Accumulation:

As a result of tissue damage and inflammation, there is increased permeability of blood vessels, allowing fluids and proteins to leak out into the interstitial spaces. This accumulation of fluid leads to swelling in the hand and lower arm.

4. Lymphatic Drainage:

The lymphatic system plays a crucial role in draining excess fluids from tissues. After surgery, the lymphatic drainage may be temporarily impaired due to the surgical trauma, leading to the buildup of fluid in the affected areas.

5. Gravity:

The hand and lower arm are located below the heart, and gravity can contribute to fluid accumulation in these areas. When the arm is kept in a dependent position, such as when it's resting by your side, fluid tends to pool in the hand and lower arm, exacerbating swelling.

It's important to note that swelling after surgery is usually a normal part of the healing process and will gradually subside over time. To help reduce swelling, elevation of the affected arm above the heart, cold compresses, compression garments, and exercises prescribed by your healthcare provider may be recommended. If the swelling persists or is accompanied by other concerning symptoms, it's essential to promptly consult your doctor for further evaluation.