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Define Decompression Fasciotomy

Decompression fasciotomy is the primary surgical treatment for compartment syndrome. It involves cutting through the fascia of the affected area (usually the leg) to relieve pressure and increase blood flow.

  1. Compartment Syndrome

    • Compartment syndrome occurs when surrounding connective tissues prevent blood circulation in an injured swollen muscle, thereby causing a restrictive "compartment."

    Causes

    • The need for a decompression fasciotomy can arise after an injury to a muscle either through impact (such as a car accident), a repetitive sports activity (such as running), or a severe burn due to fire or exposure to high voltage.

    Fascia

    • The fascia is the unyielding connective tissues surrounding each muscle compartment, keeping your muscles in place. Without the fascia, your muscles would bulge out whenever you exercised. The fascia help make well-toned muscles look defined.

    Diagnosis

    • Knowing when a surgeon should perform a decompression fasciotomy to reduce constriction of swollen muscles is tricky since the arm or leg can look completely normal. If there is a misdiagnosis and no surgical repair of compartment syndrome, nerve damage or loss of limb function can occur.

    Surgery

    • There are several ways to do a decompression fasciotomy. Some surgeons use small incisions to minimize potential scarring. Others make long incisions to increase access to the fascia and decrease risk of infection.

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