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Material Used Between Discs in Back Surgery

When one of the spine's vertebral discs become damaged, it often needs to be replaced by an artificial disc. This type of back surgery involves the placement of very specific materials between the spine's natural discs.

  1. Identification

    • An artificial disc is a device that is surgically implanted into the spine to replace a damaged spinal disc. The artificial disc's main function is to imitate its predecessor's functions, by supporting weight, cushioning shocks and allowing motion.

    Types

    • Two main types of disc replacements are used in back surgery. One is a total disc replacement, which is a replacement for the entire spinal disc. The other is a disc nucleus replacement, which is a replacement for only the center of the original disc.

    Total Replacement

    • A total disc replacement is commonly made of metal and/or biopolymer materials, which are similar to plastic. Typically, a total disc replacement consist of two metal plates that attach to the vertebrae above and below the damaged disc. A soft, compressible piece of plastic is placed between these plates.

    Nucleus Replacement

    • The disc for a nucleus replacement is most commonly made from biopolymer materials, such as hydrogel. The artificial nucleus replaces the patient's damaged nucleus, where it expands as it absorbs water, allowing for a tight fit. This material is also compressible, allowing for easy motion.

    Considerations

    • Artificial disc replacement surgery involves possible complications, such as infection, injury to the blood vessels, nerve damage and increased pain. The disc replacement may also dislodge, break or wear down over time.

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